To assess the practice of HTA in countries, WHO conducted a global survey that explores the status of HTA. The survey is the largest source of information...

Most individuals developing tuberculosis (TB) are working age adults living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The resulting disability and death...

Malaria remains a major public health problem. While globally malaria mortality affects predominantly young children, clinical malaria affects all age...

In this second article of the neonatal survival series, we identify 16 interventions with proven efficacy (implementation under ideal conditions) for neonatal...

This research report provides an overview of the mental health component of the World Health Organization's CHOICE project, the aim of which is to generate...

Interest is growing in the application of standard statistical inferential techniques to the calculation of cost-effectiveness ratios (CER), but individual...

To estimate the population health effects, costs and cost effectiveness of selected cataract surgery interventions in areas of the world with different...

To outline systematically the global distribution of road traffic deaths by road user groups (pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, motorised four-wheeler...

Chronic diseases (eg, cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, diabetes, and cancer) and injuries are the leading causes of death and disability...

Estimating the costs of health interventions is important to policy-makers for a number of reasons including the fact that the results can be used as a...

Information on the unit cost of inpatient and outpatient care is an essential element for costing, budgeting and economic-evaluation exercises.

The "3 by 5" goal to have 3 million people in low and middle income countries on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by the end of 2005 is ambitious.

To assess the costs and health effects of a range of interventions for preventing the spread of HIV and for treating people with HIV/AIDS in the context...

To assess the costs and health effects of tuberculosis control interventions in Africa and South East Asia in the context of the millennium development...

To determine the cost effectiveness of selected malaria control interventions in the context of reaching the millennium development goals for malaria.

Assessment of the cost effectiveness of interventions designed to achieve the millennium development goals for health is complex. The methods must be capable...

To determine the costs and effectiveness of selected child health interventions—namely, case management of pneumonia, oral rehydration therapy, supplementation...

In this second article of the neonatal survival series, we identify 16 interventions with proven efficacy (implementation under ideal conditions) for neonatal...

The study aimed to describe the cost-effectiveness of a selected list of interventions for common neuropsychiatric disorders in a developing country. Using...

Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world, affecting millions of people in both nonindustrialized and industrialized...

Cardiovascular disease accounts for much morbidity and mortality in developed countries and is becoming increasingly important in less developed regions....

Economic evaluation, most commonly in the form of cost-effectiveness analysis, has now become an established tool of overall health financing policy. However,...

Economic appraisal seeks to provide policy-makers with guidance about how scarce resources can be used to derive the greatest possible social benefit.

Human resources are consistently cited as a leading contributor to health care costs; however the availability of internationally comparable data on health...

Low and middle income countries are faced with a range of challenges related to providing efficient and affordable health care. With non-communicable diseases...

Recent studies such as the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health have highlighted the need for expanding the coverage of services for HIV/AIDS, malaria,...

This article provides a description of the population model PopMod, which is designed to simulate the health and mortality experience of an arbitrary population...

he ambitious development agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires substantial investments across several sectors, including for SDG...

To estimate the costs and effects of alternative strategies for annual screening of school children for refractive errors, and the provision of spectacles,...

The main objective of this paper is to measure the impact of patient load on the cost per visit at primary health care facilities and the extent to which...

We call for the global health community, governments, donors, multilateral agencies, and other mental health stakeholders, such as professional bodies...

Improving health received considerable prominence in the millennium development goals. Three of the eight goals focused on reducing key causes of mortality...

To determine the costs and benefits of interventions for maternal and newborn health to assess the appropriateness of current strategies and guide future...

Clinical guidelines are only as good as the evidence and judgments they are based on. The GRADE approach aims to make it easier for users to assess the...

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy is designed to address major causes of child mortality at the levels of community, health...

In 2002, the World Health Organization published a health system performance ranking for 191 member countries. The ranking was based on five indicators,...

Assessment of the cost effectiveness of interventions designed to achieve the millennium development goals for health is complex.

Suboptimal breastfeeding is associated with higher mortality among infants and young children in the developing world.

This paper reviews the evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, in the areas...

We estimated the costs and health effects of treating stage I, II, III, and IV breast cancer individually, of treating all stages, and of introducing an...

Information on hospital costs is key to many types of economic and financial analyses, yet many countries lack reliable estimates due partly to the time...

Many health problems require international action, but getting governments to agree on strategies for prevention or treatment is difficult. By making use...

National and international policy makers have been increasing their focus on developing strategies to enable poor countries achieve the millennium development...

To estimate the additional resources required to scale up interventions to reduce child mortality and morbidity within the context of the fourth Millennium...

To estimate the amount of additional resources needed to scale up maternal and newborn health services within the context of the Millennium Development...

To estimate the expenditures needed to scale up the delivery of an essential mental healthcare package over a 10-year period (2006-2015).

Scaling up coverage of evidence-based interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals in low-income and middle-income countries...

In 2005, WHO set a global goal to reduce rates of death from chronic (non-communicable) disease by an additional 2% every year. To this end, we investigated...

This paper estimates the disease burden and loss of economic output associated with chronic diseases—mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is potentially an important aid to public health decision-making but, with some notable exceptions, its use and impact...

World Health Organization Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (WHO CHOICE) has been a programme of the WHO for 20 years. In this latest update,...

This paper provides an overview of the methodological approach, updates to analytic framework over the past 10 years, and the added value of the WHO-CHOICE...

This paper forms part of an update of the World Health Organization Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (WHO-CHOICE) programmes. It provides...

The paper calculates regional generalized cost-effectiveness estimates of screening, prevention, treatment and combined interventions for cervical cancer.

Achieving the millennium development goals for health. Evaluation of current strategies and future priorities for improving health in...

Estimating the costs of health interventions is important to policy-makers for a number of reasonsincluding the fact that the results can be used as a...